Aim:
To connect and test different types of sensors with a microcontroller.

Requirements:

• Arduino Uno or Raspberry Pi Pico

• Light sensor (LDR)

• Gas sensor (MQ-2)

• PIR motion sensor

• IR sensor module

• Jumper wires

• Breadboard

• Computer with Arduino IDE or Thonny IDE

Procedure:

1. Set Up Your Microcontroller
   • Connect your Arduino Uno or Raspberry Pi Pico to your computer.

   • Open Arduino IDE (for Arduino) or Thonny IDE (for Pico).

2. Choose Your First Sensor
   • For example, start with the LDR.

   • Identify the sensor pins (Vcc, GND, Output).

3. Wire the Sensor
   • Connect Vcc to the board’s 5V or 3.3V pin.

   • Connect GND to ground.

   • Connect the output pin to an analog input pin (A0 for Arduino) or GP pin (for Pico).

4. Upload Sample Code
   • Use a simple “read sensor value” program.

   • For Arduino: analogRead(A0);

   • For Pico (MicroPython): adc.read_u16()

5. Test the Sensor
   • Shine light on the LDR — note the value.

   • Cover it with your hand — see the change in value.

6. Repeat for Other Sensors
   • Gas Sensor: Blow gently across it to simulate gas presence.

   • PIR Motion Sensor: Wave your hand in front of it and watch the output change.

   • IR Sensor: Place an obstacle in front and observe detection.

7. Record Observations
   • Write down how each sensor reacted to changes.

Note whether the output was analog or digital.