Just like students learn from teachers, examples, and practice, Artificial Intelligence (AI) learns from data and experience.
When an AI system is shown many examples — like hundreds of pictures of cats and dogs — it starts recognizing patterns.
Over time, it can correctly say, “This is a cat!” or “That’s a dog!” even for a new image it has never seen before.

This process of learning from data and improving performance automatically is called Machine Learning (ML) — one of the most important branches of AI.